Foreword

• Foreword IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2026 Senén Florensa

• Shaping the New Pact for the Mediterranean Dubravka Šuica

What new Middle East will emerge?

• The Iran War, the Middle East and the Reshaping of the International and Regional Order Senén Florensa
• War in the Gulf. Regional Consequences of the US and Israeli Attack on Iran and the Cost of Escalation Maria Luisa Fantappiè

Gaza in the Centre of International Politics

• The Rules Remain — Their Application Does Not Dr H. A. Hellyer
• The National Committee for the Administration of Gaza (NCAG). From the Board of Peace Summit to the Iran War: A Governance Body Under Existential Pressure Omar Shaban
• The Gaza War in the Regional Context Joost Hiltermann
• Palestine and the Arab States (1917-2026): A History of Betrayal Bichara Khader
• Israel’s Ideological Drift: An Avoidable Real-Life Experiment in Mass Radicalization Philip Holzapfel

The European Union and the Mediterranean

• Europe after Gaza: the Collapse of the European Union as a “Peace Project” Daniela Huber
• The Greening of the EU Economy and Its Implications for the Southern Mediterranean John O’Rourke
• Architecture and Governance of the EU Pact for the Mediterranean and Its Implementation Since October 2025: A Critical Assessment Michael A. Köhler (Dr. phil.)
• From Reform to Delivery: The Union for the Mediterranean and the Challenge of the New Pact for the Mediterranean Roger Albinyana

The growing importance of neighbouring areas for the future of the Euro-Mediterranean area

• Mauritania as Gatekeeper between the Maghreb and the Sahel Raquel Ojeda-García
• Great Power Competition from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf Jean-Loup Samaan

Social Challenges and Population Dynamics

• Civil Society in the Maghreb: Forces Stifling Independent Actors in a Post-Liberal World Laurence Thieux
• Mediterranean Demographic Overview: Growth, Stress Factors and Regional Divergences Elena Ambrosetti
• Youth Mobilizations: Gen Z as a Political Actor in Mediterranean North Africa Youssef Cherif

• Albania
• Algeria
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Croatia
• Cyprus
• Egypt
• France
• Greece
• Israel
• Italy
• Jordan
• Lebanon
• Libya
• Malta
• Montenegro
• Morocco
• North Macedonia
• Portugal
• Serbia
• Slovenia
• Spain
• Syria
• Tunisia
• Türkiye
• IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2026

Europe

• Greek Foreign Policy towards the Mediterranean. Balancing Meets Multilateralism Panayotis Tsakonas

Balkans

• The Trial of Milorad Dodik and Its Consequences on the Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Jasmin Mujanović
• Crisis in Serbia Continues as Mass Protests Move Closer to an Electoral Showdown Nikola Burazer

Maghreb

• In the Maghreb, the Return of Donald Trump Is Reshuffling the Diplomatic Deck Khadija Mohsen-Finan
• Morocco’s Gattopardian Paradox Alfonso Casani Herranz
• Algeria’s Quest for Stability: The Political Calendar, Institutional Restructuring and Economic Investments Zine Labidine Ghebouli
• Libya’s Political Transition Put to the Test by Power-Sharing: Maintaining the Balance in the Name of Stability Soraya Rahem
• Governing in a Vacuum: Centralization and Fragility in Contemporary Tunisia Zied Boussem

Middle East & Turkey

• Forced Neutrality and Structural Vulnerability: Egypt in the Face of Regional Reconfiguration after the War against Iran Bárbara Azaola Piazza
• Syria: Institutional Viability and Peace Scenarios Dr Gawdat Bahgat
• From Crisis Governance to Civic Renewal: Can Lebanon Reinvent Its Political System? Meray Maddah

The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and other actors

• War, Displaced People and Famine in Sudan: Another Chronic Crisis on the African Continent Ignacio Gutiérrez de Terán Gómez-Benita
• Beyond Ukraine and Moldova, Armenia’s Progress towards EU Membership Olesya Vartanyan

Security and Politics

• The Weakening of the Axis of Resistance Moisés Garduño García
• Egypt and Turkey in the Hornet’s Nest of the Horn of Africa Dr Federico Donelli

Economy and Territory

• The Climate Change-Tourism Nexus in the Mediterranean: Rethinking Tourism Resilience Angelo Sciacca
• Economic Growth and Informality: Exploring Their Bidirectional Relationship through the Literature Walid Merouani
• Critical Minerals, the Geoeconomic Turn and the Euro-Mediterranean’s Strategic Importance Dr Luíza Cerioli
• Food Security: The Strait of Hormuz and MENA Vulnerability Iacopo Maria Taddei,Giorgia Giovannetti
• Critical Infrastructure and the Cognitive Domain: Cyberattacks as Instruments of Coercion across Maritime, Energy and Digital Networks Andrea Caligiuri
• Towards a Mediterranean Just Transition Framework: Priorities for the Post-2030 Agenda Alexia Faus Onbargi

Culture and Society

• From Eurovision to the Recognition of Palestine: How Israel Is Fracturing European Consensus Thomas Maddock
• Climate Mobility: A Look into the Future of Migration Movements across the Mediterranean Region Manale Abou Dagher
• Cultural Heritage under Pressure in the Mediterranean Dr Andris Kairiss,Dr Isber Sabrine
• Academic Freedom in Middle East Studies: Precarity, Neutrality and Collective Responsibility Sevil Çakır,Sarah Wessel

• Climate Change. Expected Temperature Increase (2020-2039)
• Electricity Installed Capacity from Renewable Energy (2024)
• Aquaculture in the Mediterranean
• Mining in the Mediterranean (2023)
• Military Expenditure (2023)
• Arms Transfers
• Olive Oil Production in the Mediterranean (2023)
• Gender Gap (2025)
• Logistics Performance Index
• Personal Remittances (2023)
• Maritime Transport
• International Migrant Stock by Destination
• International Migrant Stock by Origin
• Family Planning Indicators 2024
• Obesity in the Mediterranean (2022)
• Youth Population in the Mediterranean
• Women Married or in a Union in the Mediterranean
• Olympic Games Paris 2024. Medals
• Olympic Games Paris 2024. Competitors

• Chronology of Major Conflicts and Political Events
• Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine
• Euromed Chronology
• Other Cooperation Initiatives in the Mediterranean

• European Union Cooperation
• Spanish Cooperation in the Mediterranean

• Human Development Index
• Population: Demography
• Population: Structure and Distribution
• Education and Training of Human Capital
• Health and Survival
• Nutrition and Food Security
• Access to Health Resources
• Gender: Social Development
• Technology and Communications
• Security and Military Expenditure
• Economic Structure and Production
• Agriculture
• Livestock
• Fisheries
• Employment and Unemployment
• Income Distribution
• Gender: Economic Activity
• Production and Energy Consumption
• Production, Consumption and Access to Electricity
• CO2 Emissions
• Water
• Environment
• International Trade
• International Trade Exports
• International Trade Imports
• International Tourism in the Mediterranean
• Official Development Assistance in the Mediterranean
• External Debt of Mediterranean Countries